Publication Details
Abstract
Objective: This review provides a critical assessment of the experimental workflow adopted in medicinal plant antimicrobial screening from plant choice and extraction to phytochemical characterisation, in vitro susceptibility testing, anti-virulence and synergy testing, mode of action and toxicological assessment. Method: Traditional extraction methods including maceration, Soxhlet extraction and hydrodistillation are contrasted with more recent methodologies such as ultrasound-assisted extraction and green solvents comprising natural deep eutectic solvents in terms of yield, selectivity and stability of thermolabile components. Qualitative phytochemical tests and chromatographic identification techniques are reviewed along with their drawbacks in the verification of bioactivity. Results: weaknesses that were continually noted throughout the literature included: variable reporting of the concentration of extracts; non-standardised inoculum size and growth media; positive and negative controls not being used when applicable., and inadequate focus on reproducibility and specificity. Novelty: Methodological harmonisation to enhance the translational value of future investigations in this area is proposed. Recommendations are provided for the methodological harmonisation to enhance the translational value of futures studies in this area.