English Modernism and Uzbek Jadid Enlightenment Movements: Historical-Cultural Context and Literary Representatives

This article examines English modernism and the Uzbek Jadid enlightenment movement in a comparative historical-cultural context. Although these two literary and intellectual phenomena developed in different social environments, both emerged in response to a crisis of inherited cultural forms and the urgent need for renewal. English modernism took shape under the influence of industrialization, urbanization, the First World War, the decline of Victorian certainty, and the growing awareness of alienation in modern society. Uzbek Jadidism developed in Turkestan under colonial pressure, educational backwardness, social stagnation, and the demand for national awakening. The article analyzes the cultural conditions that gave rise to these movements and discusses their leading literary figures, including T. S. Eliot, James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, Mahmudkhoja Behbudiy, Abdulla Avloniy, Abdurauf Fitrat, and Abdulhamid Choʻlpon. The study argues that English modernism and Uzbek Jadidism differed in their aesthetic aims and social functions: modernism primarily transformed the form and psychology of literary expression, while Jadidism used literature as an instrument of enlightenment, reform, and collective awakening. At the same time, both movements challenged outdated worldviews, introduced new literary methods, and expanded the moral and intellectual scope of national literatures.