Publication Details
Abstract
Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a predominant nutritional deficiency across the globe, impacting the growth, cognitive progression, and general well-being of a child, and is particularly common among infants and young children because of their rapid growth and high demand for iron. Dietary deficiency, malabsorption, chronic blood loss, or increased physiological demand may lead to IDA. Sever long-term consequences such as neurodevelopmental impairment and immune system damage caused by lack of early intervention, demonstrate the importance of early diagnosis and management. Although a prevalent condition, IDA is particularly underdiagnosed in some areas, pointing to the need for enhanced strategies for screening, prevention, and management. The aim of the study is to determine IDA prevalence within the pediatric population in Tikrit Teaching Hospital and to determine the principal risk factors for its development. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted on 100 pediatric patients that ran from March 1, 2024, to January 15, 2025 at Tikrit Teaching Hospital. The researchers collected data by means of structured questionnaires that included demographic data, nutritional habits, medical history, and risk factors. Results: Of the children sampled 36% were males while 64% were females. As for their ages, 35% were below 12 months with the most impacted age group being under 2 years of age at 62%. The prevalence of anemia is high at around 60%. 16% pica consumption behaviors, that is eating non-food substances, while 12% had a milk intake of greater than 16-24 ounces a day. 28% only ate vitamin C-rich foods that help in iron absorption. 45% had issues concerning growth whereas 80% had a prior illness. 76% had a familial history of anemia while 45% had history of IDA. 72% were on iron supplements or multivitamins and 28% were not. Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of IDA in children, especially among infants and in those under five years old. The major contributing factors were inadequate dietary intake, recurrent infections, and a family history of anemia. There is a pressing need for early screening, enhanced dietary education, and preventive strategies in order to alleviate the burden of IDA in the pediatric population.